| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
56 | | | Iran | Iran - Islamic Republic Of | Critically Endangered (CR) | Threats cannot/will not be reversed in time | Rescue/Supplementation | 17.565181203 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
56 | | Taurus frog | Turkey | Turkey | Critically Endangered (CR) | Threats cannot/will not be reversed in time | Rescue/Supplementation | 8 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
56 | | Montseny newt | | Spain | Critically Endangered (CR) | Threats cannot/will not be reversed in time | Rescue/Supplementation | 19.628397799 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
55 | | Mallorcan Midwife Toad | Spain (Native and Reintroduced) | Spain | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are being managed | Rescue/Supplementation | 79.863637857 | Aspect of biology shared with <6 other species | Yes | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
55 | | Varaldi’S Spadefoot Toad | Morocco | Morocco | Endangered (EN) | Threats cannot/will not be reversed in time | Rescue/Supplementation | 46.364418992 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Pelobatidae | |
52 | | | Iran | Iran - Islamic Republic Of | Endangered (EN) | Threats cannot/will not be reversed in time | Rescue/Supplementation | 17.565181203 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
49 | | | Iran | Iran - Islamic Republic Of | Critically Endangered (CR) | Threats are being managed | Rescue/Supplementation | 20.045711088 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Hynobiidae | |
49 | | | Turkey | Turkey | Critically Endangered (CR) | Threats are being managed | Rescue/Supplementation | 24.15642167 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
40 | | | Slovenia | Slovenia | Critically Endangered (CR) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 150.067736699 | Aspect of biology identified that is unique to species | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Proteidae | |
37 | | Corsican painted frog | France | France | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats unknown | Conservation Research | 78.764884126 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
34 | | Sardinian Brook Salamander | Italy | Italy | Endangered (EN) | Threats unknown | Conservation Research | 14.446189073 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
34 | | Supramonte Cave Salamander | Italy | Italy | Endangered (EN) | Threats unknown | Conservation Research | 19.205413881 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Plethodontidae | |
33 | | Gene'S Cave Salamander | Italy | Italy | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats unknown | Conservation Research | 30.292252315 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Plethodontidae | |
32 | | Betic Midwife Toad | Spain | Spain | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Research | 79.863637857 | Aspect of biology shared with <6 other species | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
32 | | Olm | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy (Native and Introduced), Slovenia, France (Introduced) | Bosnia And Herzegovina; Croatia; France; Italy; Slovenia | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 150.067736699 | Aspect of biology identified that is unique to species | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Proteidae | |
28 | | | Greece | Greece | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats cannot be reversed | Conservation Research | 24.15642167 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
24 | | | Turkey | Turkey | Endangered (EN) | Threats cannot be reversed | None | 24.15642167 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
24 | | | Turkey | Turkey | Endangered (EN) | Threats cannot be reversed | None | 24.15642167 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
24 | | | Turkey | Turkey | Endangered (EN) | Threats cannot be reversed | None | 24.15642167 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
24 | | | Turkey | Turkey | Endangered (EN) | Threats cannot be reversed | None | 24.15642167 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
24 | | | Greece, Turkey | Greece; Turkey | Endangered (EN) | Threats cannot be reversed | None | 24.15642167 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
24 | | Pyrenean Frog | France, Spain | France; Spain | Endangered (EN) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Research | 7.755558297 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
23 | | North African fire salamander | Spain, Morrocco, Algeria | Algeria; Morocco; Spain | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Research | 24.271753489 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
22 | | Monte Albo Cave Salamander | Italy | Italy | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats unknown | None | 19.205413881 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Plethodontidae | |
21 | | Albanian Water Frog | Albania, Serbia and Montenegro | Albania; Montenegro; Spain | Endangered (EN) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | Yes | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
18 | | | Iran | Iran - Islamic Republic Of | Data Deficient (DD) | Threats unknown | None | 8 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
18 | | | Turkey | Turkey | Data Deficient (DD) | Threats unknown | None | 8 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
17 | | Tyrrhenian Painted Frog | France, Italy | France; Italy | Least Concern (LC) | Threats unknown | None | 78.764884126 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
17 | | | Iran, Iraq, Turkey | Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Iraq; Turkey | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 17.565181203 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | Yes | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
16 | | Iberian Midwife Toad | Portugal, Spain | Portugal; Spain | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 79.863637857 | Aspect of biology shared with <6 other species | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
16 | | | Morocco | Morocco | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 79.863637857 | Aspect of biology shared with <6 other species | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
16 | | Karpathos Frog | Greece | Greece | Endangered (EN) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
16 | | Cretan Frog | Greece | Greece | Endangered (EN) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
16 | | Epirus Water Frog | Albania, Greece | Albania; Greece | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Farming | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
15 | | Golden-Striped Salamander | Portugal (Native and Introduced), Spain | Portugal; Spain | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 36.703712681 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
15 | | Marbled Newt | Georgia, Turkey | Georgia; Turkey | Vulnerable (VU) | | | 36.703712681 | | | | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
15 | | Parsley Frog | France, Italy, Portugal, Spain | France; Italy; Portugal; Spain | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Research | 86.775479964 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Pelodytidae | |
15 | | Lanza'S Alpine Salamander | France, Italy | France; Italy | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 24.271753489 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
14 | | Imperial Cave Salamander | Italy | Italy | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats unknown | None | 19.205413881 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Plethodontidae | |
13 | | Alpine salamander | Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Switzerland | Albania; Austria; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Croatia; France; Germany; Italy; Liechtenstein; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovenia; Switzerland | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 24.271753489 | Aspect of biology identified that is unique to species | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
12 | | Common Midwife Toad | Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom (Introduced) | Belgium; France; Germany; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Portugal; Spain; Switzerland; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 79.863637857 | Aspect of biology shared with <6 other species | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
12 | | | Turkey | Turkey | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 17.565181203 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
12 | | Italian Agile Frog | Croatia, Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland | Croatia; Italy; Slovenia; Switzerland | Vulnerable (VU) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.755558297 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
11 | | Spanish Painted Frog | Spain | Spain | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 78.764884126 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
9 | | Sharp-Ribbed Salamander | Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Gibraltar (Introduced) | Gibraltar; Morocco; Portugal; Spain | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 17.24425723 | Aspect of biology shared with <6 other species | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
9 | | | France, Spain | France; Spain | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats cannot be reversed | None | 8 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
7 | | Persian Mountain Salamander | Iran | Iran - Islamic Republic Of | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 20.045711088 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Hynobiidae | |
7 | | Iberian Painted Frog | Portugal, Spain | Portugal; Spain | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 78.764884126 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
7 | | Painted frog | Algeria, Italy, Malta, Tunisia, France (Introduced), Spain (Introduced) | Algeria; France; Italy; Malta; Spain; Tunisia | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 78.764884126 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
7 | | | Morocco, Spain | Morocco; Spain | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 78.764884126 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Discoglossidae | |
7 | | Western Spadefoot | France, Portugal, Spain, Gibraltar (Extinct) | France; Gibraltar; Portugal; Spain | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 46.364418992 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Pelobatidae | |
7 | | | Portugal, Spain | Portugal; Spain | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 86.775479964 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Pelodytidae | |
7 | | Caucasian parsley frog | Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation, Turkey | Azerbaijan; Georgia; Russian Federation; Turkey | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 86.775479964 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Pelodytidae | |
7 | | Arouss Al Ayn | Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey | Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Iraq; Israel; Lebanon; Syrian Arab Republic; Turkey | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 24.271753489 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
4 | | Pyrenean Brook Salamander | Andorra, France, Spain | Andorra; France; Spain | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 19.628397799 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
4 | | Iberian Frog | Portugal, Spain | Portugal; Spain | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.755558297 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
4 | | Ambrosi'S Cave Salamander | Italy | Italy | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 19.205413881 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Plethodontidae | |
4 | | Italian Cave Salamander | Italy | Italy | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 19.205413881 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Plethodontidae | |
4 | | French Cave Salamander | France, Italy | France; Italy | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 19.205413881 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Plethodontidae | |
4 | | Danube Crested Newt | Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Ukraine | Austria; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Hungary; Moldova - Republic Of; Romania; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Ukraine | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 12.76943044 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
4 | | Southern Marbled Newt | Portugal, Spain (Native and Introduced) | Portugal; Spain | Near Threatened (NT) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 12.76943044 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
3 | | Appenine Yellow-Bellied Toad | Italy | Italy | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 25.034951856 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bombinatoridae | |
3 | | Yellow-bellied toad | Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, F.Y.R., France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, Belgium (Extinct), United Kingdom (Introduced) | Albania; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Poland; Romania; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Switzerland; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 25.034951856 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bombinatoridae | |
3 | | Fire-bellied toad | Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden (Native and Reintroduced), Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom (Introduced) | Albania; Belarus; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Georgia; Greece; Hungary; Kazakhstan; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova - Republic Of; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Sweden; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 25.034951856 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bombinatoridae | |
3 | | Common spadefoot toad | Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, Switzerland (Extinct) | Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Kazakhstan; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova - Republic Of; Netherlands; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 46.364418992 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Pelobatidae | |
3 | | | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Macedonia, F.Y.R., Georgia, Greece, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Syria, Turkey, Jordan (Extinct) | Armenia; Azerbaijan; Bulgaria; Georgia; Greece; Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia And Montenegro; Syrian Arab Republic; Turkey | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 46.364418992 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Pelobatidae | |
3 | | Corsican fire salamander | France | France | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 24.271753489 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
3 | | Fire salamander | Europe | Afghanistan; Albania; Algeria; American Samoa; Andorra; Angola; Anguilla; Antarctica; Antigua And Barbuda; Argentina; Armenia; Aruba; Australia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahamas; Bahrain; Bangladesh; Barbados; Belarus; Belgium; Belize; Benin; Bermuda; Bhutan; Bolivia; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Botswana; Bouvet Island; Brazil; British Indian Ocean Territory; Brunei Darussalam; Bulgaria; Burkina Faso; Burundi; Cambodia; Cameroon; Canada; Cape Verde; Cayman Islands; Central African Republic; Chad; Chile; China; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Colombia; Comoros; Congo; Congo - The Democratic Republic Of The; Cook Islands; Costa Rica; Cote D'ivoire; Croatia; Cuba; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Djibouti; Domincan Republic; Dominica; East Timor; Ecuador; Egypt; El Salvador; Equatorial Guinea; Eritrea; Estonia; Ethiopia; Falkland Islands (Malvinas); Faroe Islands; Fiji; Finland; France; French Guiana; French Polynesia; French Southern Territories; Gabon; Gambia; Georgia; Germany; Ghana; Gibraltar; Greece; Greenland; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guam; Guatemala; Guinea; Guinea-Bissau; Guyana; Haiti; Heard Island And Mcdonald Islands; Holy See (Vatican City State); Honduras; Hong Kong; Hungary; Iceland; India; Indonesia; Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Iraq; Ireland; Israel; Italy; Jamaica; Japan; Jordan; K UNKNOWN; Kazakhstan; Kenya; Kiribati; Korea - Democratic People's Republic Of; Korea - Republic Of; Kuwait; Kyrgyzstan; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Latvia; Lebanon; Lesotho; Liberia; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macao; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Madagascar; Malawi; Malaysia; Maldives; Mali; Malta; Marshall Islands; Martinique; Mauritania; Mauritius; Mayotte; Mexico; Micronesia - Federated States Of; Moldova - Republic Of; Monaco; Mongolia; Montenegro; Montserrat; Morocco; Mozambique; Myanmar; Namibia; Nauru; Nepal; Netherlands; Netherlands Antilles; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Niger; Nigeria; Niue; Norfolk Island; Northern Mariana Islands; Norway; Oman; Pakistan; Palau; Palestinian Territory - Occupied; Panama; Papua New Guinea; Paraguay; Peru; Philippines; Pitcairn; Poland; Portugal; Puerto Rico; Qatar; Reunion; Romania; Russian Federation; Rwanda; Saint Helena; Saint Kitts And Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Pierre And Miquelon; Saint Vincent And The Grenadines; Samoa; San Marino; Sao Tome And Principe; Saudi Arabia; Senegal; Serbia And Montenegro; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; Singapore; Slovakia; Slovenia; Solomon Islands; Somalia; South Africa; South Georgia And The South Sandwich Islands; Spain; Sri Lanka; Sudan; Suriname; Svalbard And Jan Mayen; Swaziland; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Taiwan - Province Of China; Tajikistan; Tanzania - United Republic Of; Thailand; Timor-Leste; Togo; Tokelau; Tonga; Trinidad And Tobago; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Turks And Caicos Islands; Tuvalu; Uganda; Ukraine; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States Minor Outlying Islands; Uruguay; USA; Uzbekistan; Vanuatu; Venezuela; Vietnam; Virgin Islands - British; Virgin Islands - U.S.; Wallis And Futuna; Western Sahara; Yemen; Zambia; Zimbabwe | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 24.271753489 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
3 | | Spectacled Salamander | Italy | Italy | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 49.425180922 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
3 | | Banded newt | Armenia, Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Russian Federation (Native and Reintroduced), Syria, Turkey | Armenia; Georgia; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Russian Federation; Syrian Arab Republic; Turkey | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 23.680438104 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Common toad | Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Macedonia, F.Y.R., Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | Albania; Algeria; Andorra; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Kazakhstan; Latvia; Lebanon; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Moldova - Republic Of; Monaco; Morocco; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russian Federation; San Marino; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Tunisia; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 5.160450269 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | Natterjack Toad | Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; France; Germany; Ireland; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Russian Federation; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Switzerland; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 9.000686149 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | | Iran | Iran - Islamic Republic Of | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 4.86171925 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | Mauritanian toad | Algeria, Morocco, Spain (Native and Introduced), Tunisia | Algeria; Morocco; Spain; Tunisia | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 4.86171925 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | | Iran, Turkmenistan | Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Turkmenistan | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 4.86171925 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | | Iran, Pakistan | Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Pakistan | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 4.86171925 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | | Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan | Afghanistan; Bangladesh; India; Nepal; Pakistan | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 4.86171925 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | Iranian earless toad | Iran, Pakistan | Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Pakistan | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 4.86171925 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | Caucasian toad | Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russian Federation, Turkey | Azerbaijan; Georgia; Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Russian Federation; Turkey | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 5.160450269 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | Green toad | Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Macedonia, F.Y.R., France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Malta, Moldova, Morocco, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Native and Introduced), Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Western Sahara, Switzerland (Extinct) | Albania; Algeria; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Egypt; Estonia; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Iraq; Israel; Italy; Jordan; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lebanon; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; Lithuania; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Malta; Moldova - Republic Of; Morocco; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Saudi Arabia; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Arab Republic; Tajikistan; Tunisia; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; Uzbekistan; Western Sahara | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 4.86171925 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Bufonidae | |
0 | | Corsican brook salamander | France | France | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 14.446189073 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | European tree frog | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Macedonia, F.Y.R., France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom (Native Extinct and Introduced), Latvia (Reintroduced) | Albania; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Moldova - Republic Of; Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 5.906478332 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Italian Tree Frog | Italy, Slovenia, Switzerland | Italy; Slovenia; Switzerland | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 5.906478332 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Hylidae | |
0 | | Stripeless tree frog | Algeria, France, Gibraltar, Italy, Monaco, Morocco, Portugal, Spain (Native and Introduced), Tunisia | Algeria; France; Gibraltar; Italy; Monaco; Morocco; Portugal; Spain; Tunisia | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 5.906478332 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Sardinian tree frog | France, Italy | France; Italy | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 5.906478332 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Hylidae | |
0 | | Moor frog | Austria, Belarus, Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Switzerland (Extinct) | Austria; Belarus; Belgium; China; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Hungary; Kazakhstan; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova - Republic Of; Netherlands; Norway; Romania; Russian Federation; Slovakia; Slovenia; Switzerland; Ukraine | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 13.236338551 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Levantine Frog | Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey | Cyprus; Egypt; Greece; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syrian Arab Republic; Turkey | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Italian Pool Frog | France, Italy | France; Italy | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Agile frog | Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Macedonia, F.Y.R., France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | Albania; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Luxembourg; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Romania; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.755558297 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Edible frog | Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden (Native and Introduced), Switzerland, Ukraine, Spain (Introduced), United Kingdom (Introduced) | Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Moldova - Republic Of; Netherlands; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 8 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Greek Stream Frog | Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Macedonia, F.Y.R., Greece, Serbia and Montenegro | Albania; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Greece; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Serbia And Montenegro | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 9.810609229 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Italian Edible Frog | Italy | Italy | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 8 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Italian Stream Frog | Italy, San Marino | Italy; San Marino | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 9.810609229 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Balkan Water Frog | Albania, Greece, Italy (Introduced) | Albania; Greece; Italy | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Pool frog | Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom (Extinct), Spain (Introduced) | Austria; Belarus; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Croatia; Czech Republic; Estonia; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Moldova - Republic Of; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Long-legged wood frog | Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russian Federation, Turkey, Turkmenistan (Extinct) | Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia; Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Russian Federation; Turkey; Turkmenistan | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.755558297 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Perez'S Frog | France, Portugal (Native and Introduced), Spain (Native and Introduced), United Kingdom (Introduced) | France; Portugal; Spain; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Marsh frog | Afghanistan, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China (Native and Introduced), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Macedonia, F.Y.R., France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan (Native and Introduced), Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Poland, Russian Federation (Native and Introduced), Saudi Arabia (Native and Introduced), Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Estonia (Extinct), Belgium (Introduced), Spain (Introduced), Switzerland (Introduced), United Kingdom (Introduced) | Afghanistan; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Bahrain; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; China; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Iraq; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lithuania; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Moldova - Republic Of; Netherlands; Poland; Russian Federation; Saudi Arabia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Switzerland; Tajikistan; Turkey; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; United Kingdom; Uzbekistan | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.432302375 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Common frog | Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Macedonia, F.Y.R., Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, San Marino, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom | Albania; Andorra; Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; San Marino; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 7.755558297 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Anura | Ranidae | |
0 | | Alpine newt | Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Macedonia, F.Y.R., France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (Native and Introduced), Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom (Introduced) | Albania; Austria; Belgium; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Netherlands; Poland; Romania; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Switzerland; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 17.711097655 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Iberian newt | Portugal, Spain | Portugal; Spain | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 12.67148113 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Italian crested newt | Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, F.Y.R., Germany (Native and Introduced), Greece, Hungary, Italy, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Switzerland (Native and Introduced), Netherlands (Introduced), Portugal (Introduced), United Kingdom (Introduced) | Albania; Austria; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Croatia; Czech Republic; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Netherlands; Portugal; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Switzerland; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 12.76943044 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Great-crested newt | Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom | Austria; Belarus; Belgium; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; France; Germany; Hungary; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Moldova - Republic Of; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 12.76943044 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Palmate Newt | Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom | Belgium; Czech Republic; France; Germany; Luxembourg; Netherlands; Portugal; Spain; Switzerland; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 12.67148113 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Italian Newt | Italy | Italy | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 12.67148113 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Southern crested newt | Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Macedonia, F.Y.R., Georgia, Greece, Iran, Russian Federation (Native and Reintroduced), Serbia and Montenegro, Turkey, Ukraine | Azerbaijan; Bulgaria; Georgia; Greece; Iran - Islamic Republic Of; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Russian Federation; Serbia And Montenegro; Turkey; Ukraine | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 12.76943044 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Marbled Newt | France, Portugal, Spain (Native and Reintroduced) | France; Portugal; Spain | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 12.76943044 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Carpathian Newt | Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Germany (Introduced) | Czech Republic; Germany; Poland; Romania; Slovakia; Ukraine | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | None | 12.67148113 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |
0 | | Smooth newt | Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Macedonia, F.Y.R., Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom | Albania; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia And Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Kazakhstan; Latvia; Luxembourg; Macedonia The Former Yugoslav Republic Of; Moldova - Republic Of; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia And Montenegro; Slovakia; Slovenia; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom | Least Concern (LC) | Threats are reversible in time frame | Conservation Education | 12.67148113 | No aspect of biology known to be exceptional | No | Research not dependant upon species | Caudata | Salamandridae | |